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Borgarakríggið í Sýria

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Borgarakríggið í Sýria
Partur av Arabiska várinum og
ávirkandi virknaður av Borgarakrígnum í Irak

Hernaðarliga støðan í løtuni: Reytt: Stjórnin, Gult: Kurdar (Rojava), Grátt: Islamiskur Statur, Hvítt: al-Nusra Front, Grønt: Sýrisk mótstøða
(fyri eitt meira nágreiniligt kort, sí en:Cities and towns during the Syrian Civil War á ensku Wikipediu). Kortið omanfyri varð seinast dagført 5 June 2015.
Dato15 mars 2011 (2011-03-15) – nú
(13 ár, 7 mánaðir og 2 dagar)
StaðurSýria (og ávirkan í grannalondum)
Status Fer fram beint nú
Territorialar
broytingar
  • Í august 2015 var økið, har ið styrkirnar hjá Assad høvdu fult ræði yvir, minkað til 29.797 km2 (11.505 sq mi), umleið ein sættapart av landinum.[13]
Stríðandi partarnir
Ba'ath stýrið
(MOD)
  • Sýriskar herdeildir
  • NDF
  • Baʿath Brigadur

Sameindir bólkar

 Iran
 Russland

 Mótstøða
(SRCC)

Other allied groups:

Jaish al-Fatah

Allied militias:

(SDF)

Allied militias:

Irakiskt Kurdistan Irakiska Kurdistan

CJTF–OIR:
USA
 Kanada
 Frakland[12]
 Avstralia
 Saudi Arabia
 Katar
 Jordan
 Bahrain
 United Arab Emirates
 Marokko
 Stóra Bretland
Kommandantar og leiðarar
Styrki

Syrian Armed Forces: 178,000[31] General Security Directorate: 8,000[32]

National Defense Force: 80,000[33]

Iran: 15,000[34]

Russia: 4,000[35]

Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000[36][37]

al-Abbas brigade: 10,000[38] (8,000 Iraqis)[39]

Hezbollah: 3,000–5,000[40]

Syrian Resistance: 2,000[41]

FSA: 40,000–50,000[42]

Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000[43]

Ajnad al-Sham Union: up to 15,000

AD Front: 13,000[44]

Army of Mujahedeen: 5,000[45]–12,000[46]

al-Zenki movement: 3,000+

Alwiya al-Furqan: 2,000+

Army of Conquest:

  • al-Nusra Front: 13,000[47]
  • Ahrar al-Sham: 10-20,000
  • Sham Legion:2,000+[48]
 31,500[49]–100,000[50]

People's Protection Units (YPG): 65,000[51]

Jabhat al-Akrad: 7,000[52]
Mansskaði og tap

Syrian Government: 52,077–87,077 soldiers killed[53][54]
35,235–49,235 militiamen killed[53][54]
7,000 soldiers and militiamen and 2,000 supporters captured[55]

Hezbollah:
971 killed[53]
Other non-Syrian fighters:
3,395 killed[53][c]

80,762–121,762 fighters killed[d]
979 protesters killed[56]

26,500 fighters and supporters captured or missing[53]		 ISIL:
8,143 fighters killed[57]		 Rojava Rojava:
1,276–1,445 fighters killed[58]

74,426[53]–88,328[59] (2,996 foreign) civilian deaths documented by opposition
75 other foreign soldiers killed

Total killed:
250,124–340,124 (October 2015 SOHR estimate)[53]
220,000 (January 2015 UN estimate)[60]

130,000 captured or missing overall[61]

Over 7,600,000 internally displaced (according to UNHCR by July 2015)

Over 4,000,000 refugees (according to UNHCR by July 2015)[62][63][64]

a Some of the rebels that have been armed by the United States have given vehicles and ammunition to the al-Nusra Front.[65]

b Also aligned with Syrian opposition forces[66][67][68]

c The figure includes at least 180 Iranian IRGC soldiers[69][70][71] and 354 Afghans[72][73] fighting under the command of the IRGC.[74] For a more detailed breakdown, see here.

d Number includes Kurdish and ISIL fighters, whose deaths are also listed in their separate columns[75][53][54]

Borgarakríggið í Sýria (Arabiskt: الحرب الأهلية السورية) er eitt altjóða[76] vápnað stríð í gongur fyri seg enn í Sýria. Borgarakríggið byrjaði tíðliga um várið í 2011 í sambandi við mótmælini undir Arabiska várinum, við mótmælum kring alt landið móti stjórnini hjá Bashar al-Assad forseta, hvørs herdeildir svaraðu aftur við ógvusligum valdsgerðum.[77]

Keldur

[rætta | rætta wikitekst]
  1. ↑ Ariel Ben Solomon (31 May 2013). "Report: Yemen Houthis fighting for Assad in Syria". Jerusalem Post. http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Report-Yemen-Houthis-fighting-for-Assad-in-Syria-315005. Heintað 5 June 2013. 
  2. ↑ "It looks like Iraq has joined Assad's side in the Syrian war". Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com.au/iraq-joins-assads-side-in-syrian-war-2013-3. Heintað 16 February 2014. 
  3. ↑
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Wladimir van Wilgenburg (12 June 2015). "The Rise of Jaysh al-Fateh in Northern Syria". Terrorism Monitor (Jamestown Foundation) XIII (12): 3. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Gareth Porter (28 May 2015). "Gulf allies and ‘Army of Conquest’". Al-Ahram Weekly. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/News/12392/21/Gulf-allies-and-%E2%80%98Army-of-Conquest%E2%80%99.aspx. 
  6. ↑ "U.S. weapons reaching Syrian rebels". Washington Post. September 11, 2013. http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-09-11/world/41972742_1_lethal-aid-syrian-rebels-chemical-weapons. 
  7. ↑ "Hollande confirms French delivery of arms to Syrian rebels". 2014-08-21. http://www.enca.com/hollande-confirms-french-delivery-arms-syrian-rebels. Heintað 2015-01-16. 
  8. ↑ "Jabhat al-Nusra, IS clash in Daraa". Al Monitor. 16 December 2014. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2014/12/jabhat-al-nusra-islamic-state-clash-qalamoun-risks-daraa.html. Heintað 20 December 2014. 
  9. ↑ "Al-Nusra overtakes Hazm in Aleppo countryside". Al Monitor. 3 March 2015. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/2015/03/syria-aleppo-countryside-hazm-movement.html#. Heintað 3 March 2015. 
  10. ↑ "The Islamic State in Southern Syria". Carter Center. 15 May 2015. http://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/peace/conflict_resolution/syria-conflict/islamic-state-in-southern-syria-may2015.pdf. Heintað 10 June 2015. 
  11. ↑ Demir, Arzu (28 January 2015). "Preparations for international brigade in Rojava". Firat News Agency. Talgilda eintakið, gjørt eftir tí talgilda frumeintakinum , varð goymt í skjalasavni á netinum tann 2015-02-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20150211120154/http://en.firatnews.com/news/news/preparations-for-international-brigade-in-rojava.htm. Heintað 11 February 2015. 
  12. ↑ [1]
  13. ↑ "Syrian government no longer controls 83% of the country - IHS Jane's 360". janes.com. http://www.janes.com/article/53771/syrian-government-no-longer-controls-83-of-the-country. Heintað 21 October 2015. 
  14. ↑ "Free Syrian Army fires military chief". Al Jazeera English. 16 February 2014. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/02/free-syrian-army-fires-military-chief-201421742719901171.html. Heintað 16 February 2014. 
  15. ↑ "U.N. withdraws staffers as violence rages in Syria". Edition.cnn.com. 25 May 2013. http://edition.cnn.com/2013/03/25/world/meast/syria-civil-war. 
  16. ↑ Mroue, Bassem; Suzan Fraser (2012-12-08). "Syria Rebels Create New Unified Military Command". The Huffington Post. AP. Talgilda eintakið, gjørt eftir tí talgilda frumeintakinum , varð goymt í skjalasavni á netinum tann 2012-12-08. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/08/syria-rebels-military-council_n_2263256.html. Heintað 2012-12-08. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 "Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front". BBC. 22 November 2013. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25053525. Heintað 22 January 2014. 
  18. ↑ "Bombing kills head of Syrian rebel group". Al Arabiya News. http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2014/09/09/Bombing-kills-head-of-Syrian-rebel-group-report.html. 
  19. ↑ Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds (Reuters), 18 November 2013
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Nic Robertson and Paul Cruickshank (5 March 2015). "Source: Syrian warplanes kill leaders of al-Nusra". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/05/middleeast/syria-al-qaeda-strike/. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "An internal struggle: Al Qaeda's Syrian affiliate is grappling with its identity". 31 May 2015. http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2015/05/31-syria-isis-lister. Heintað 1 June 2015. 
  22. ↑ Counter Extremism Project (2014). "Executive Summary: Sami al-Oraidi". Counter Extremism Project. http://www.counterextremism.com/sami-al-oraidi. 
  23. ↑ "Who's who in the Nusra Front?". 15 December 2014. http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/politics/2014/12/15/whos-who-in-the-nusra-front. Heintað 2 June 2015. 
  24. ↑ "U.S. Condemns Terrorist Attacks in Iraq and Pledges to Help Combat al Qaeda". United States Department of State. 10 August 2013. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/08/213032.htm. 
  25. ↑ http://www.businessinsider.com/report-a-former-physics-teacher-is-now-leading-isis-2015-4
  26. ↑ ISIS No. 2 leader al-Afri killed in airstrike, Iraq says
  27. ↑ http://www.ibtimes.com/if-isis-leader-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-killed-who-caliph-islamic-state-group-1721638
  28. ↑ "Military Skill and Terrorist Technique Fuel Success of ISIS". The New York Times. 27 August 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/28/world/middleeast/army-know-how-seen-as-factor-in-isis-successes.html. Heintað 21 October 2014. 
  29. ↑ "Top ISIS Leaders are Revealed". Alarabiya. 13 February 2014. http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/2014/02/13/Exclusive-Top-ISIS-leaders-revealed.html. 
  30. ↑ Tarek Radwan. "Kurdish-Arab Rebel Alliance May be Key to Obama’s Syrian Strategy". Atlantic Council. http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/kurdish-arab-rebel-alliance-may-be-key-to-obama-s-syrian-strategy. 
  31. ↑ "Syria military strength". Global Fire Power. 17 October 2015. http://www.globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=Syria. 
  32. ↑ "Syria's diminished security forces". AFP. 28 August 2013. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Aug-28/228953-syrias-diminished-security-forces.ashx#axzz31ko8ddGF. Heintað 14 May 2014. 
  33. ↑ ISIS’ Iraq offensive could trigger Hezbollah to fill gap left in Syria The Daily Star, 16 June 2014
  34. ↑ "Iran sends 15,000 fighters to Syria". The Daily Star. 4 June 2015. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Jun-04/300520-iran-sends-15000-fighters-to-syria.ashx. 
  35. ↑ Jonathan Landay, Phil Stewart, Mark Hosenball (4 November 2015). "Russia's Syria force has reportedly grown to 4,000 people". Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com/russias-syria-force-has-reportedly-grown-to-4000-people-2015-11. Heintað 4 November 2015. 
  36. ↑ "«كتائب البعث» إلى شوارع دمشق". Al Akhbar. 14 January 2014. http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/197848. 
  37. ↑ Aron Lund (13 January 2014). "The Baath Battalions Move Into Damascus". Carnegie Endowment. http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=54167. 
  38. ↑ Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines retrieved 5 June 2013
  39. ↑ Maria Abi-Habib (18 June 2014). "Shiite Militias Decamping From Syria to Fight in Iraq". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/articles/shiite-militias-decamping-from-syria-to-fight-in-iraq-1403051977. 
  40. ↑ "From Qusair to Yabrud: Shiite foreign fighters in Syria - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/03/qusair-yabroud-shiite-foreign-fighters-syria.html. 
  41. ↑ Albayrak, Aydin. "Mihraç Ural, a man with a long history of terrorism". Today's Zaman. http://www.todayszaman.com/news-315474-mihrac-ural-a-man-with-a-long-history-of-terrorism.html. Heintað 3 August 2013. 
  42. ↑ Cockburn, Patrick (11 December 2013). "West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/west-suspends-aid-for-islamist-rebels-in-syria-underlining-their-disillusionment-with-those-forces-opposed-to-president-bashar-alassad-8998891.html. 
  43. ↑ "Front to Back". Foreign Policy. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/03/04/islamic_front_isis_syria. 
  44. ↑ "Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition". BBC. 13 December 2013. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24403003. 
  45. ↑ "Factbox: Syria's rebel groups". Reuters. 9 January 2014. http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/09/us-syria-crisis-rebels-factbox-idUSBREA080SW20140109. Heintað 9 January 2014. 
  46. ↑ "Al Qaida rebels leave mass grave behind as they desert base in Syria". McClatchy. 6 January 2014. http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/01/06/213669/al-qaida-rebels-leave-mass-grave.html. Heintað 8 January 2014. 
  47. ↑ "Syria crisis: Spooked by rebel gains, Jordan doubles down on Islamic State". 4 May 2015. http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2015/0504/Syria-crisis-Spooked-by-rebel-gains-Jordan-doubles-down-on-Islamic-State. Heintað 4 May 2015. 
  48. ↑ [2]
  49. ↑ "Islamic State fighter estimate triples - CIA". BBC. 12 September 2014. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29169914. 
  50. ↑ "War with Isis: Islamic militants have army of 200,000, claims senior Kurdish leader". The Independent. 18 November 2014. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/war-with-isis-islamic-militants-have-army-of-200000-claims-kurdish-leader-9863418.html. 
  51. ↑ "Will the Islamic State last through 2015?". Today's Zaman. http://www.todayszaman.com/op-ed_will-the-islamic-state-last-through-2015_368806.html. Heintað 4 January 2015. 
  52. ↑ Mutlu Civiroglu (11 August 2013). "Kurdish Commander: Jihadi Groups in Syria Have Hijacked FSA". Rudaw. http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/11082013. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.4 53.5 53.6 53.7 "About 2 millions and half killed and wounded since the beginning of the Syrian Revolution". 16 October 2015. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/10/about-20-millions-and-half-killed-and-wounded-since-the-beginning-of-the-syrian-revolution/. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 "More than 110 dead, thousands of regime forces during the 41 months". http://web.archive.org/web/20140826120603/http://www.syriahr.com/index.php?option=com_news&nid=22469&Itemid=2&task=displaynews. Heintað 25 October 2014. 
  55. ↑ "320,000 people killed since the beginning of the Syrian Revolution". 9 June 2015. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/06/320000-people-killed-since-the-beginning-of-the-syrian-revolution/. 
  56. ↑ "Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed". Ansamed.ansa.it. 2010-01-03. http://ansamed.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/politics/2012/03/19/visualizza_new.html_134589467.html. Heintað 2013-08-27. 
  57. ↑ "IS executes over 3,000 in Syria in year-long ´caliphate´". AFP. 28 June 2015. http://www.geo.tv/article-189504-IS-executes-over-3000-in-Syria-in-year-long-caliphate. 
  58. ↑ 15 killed (31 October 2012),[3] 25 killed (19 November 2012),[4] 379 killed (2013),[5] 537–706 killed (2014),[6][7][8] 320 killed (2015),[9][10][11][12][13] total of 1,276–1,445 reported killed
  59. ↑ "Violations Documenting Center". Violations Documenting Center. 16 October 2015. http://www.vdc-sy.org/index.php/en/home. Heintað 16 October 2015. 
  60. ↑ "Syrian Rebels And Government Reach Truce In Besieged Area". AP. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/15/syria-rebel-truce_n_6478226.html?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000592. Heintað 15 January 2015. 
  61. ↑ "Syria's Meltdown Requires a U.S.-Led Response". Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 22 March 2013. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/syrias-meltdown-requires-a-u.s.-led-response. 
  62. ↑ [14]
  63. ↑ [15]
  64. ↑ [16]
  65. ↑ US-trained rebels give equipment to al-Qaeda affiliate http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34368073
  66. ↑ Bronstein, Scott; Griffin, Drew (26 September 2014). "Syrian rebel groups unite to fight ISIS". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/25/world/meast/us-syria-rebel-agreement/. Heintað 1 October 2014. "Under the agreement, moderate Muslim rebel groups fighting under the Supreme Military Council of Syria agreed to form an alliance with the predominantly Christian Syriac Military Council." 
  67. ↑ Cousins, Sophie (22 December 2014). "Remaining Christians in Syria fight to save their land". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/12/21/syria-christian-islamic-state/18915275. Heintað 9 March 2015. 
  68. ↑ Ahmad, Rozh (23 September 2014). "A glimpse into the world of Syria's Christian "Sutoro" fighters (video)". Your Middle East. http://www.yourmiddleeast.com/culture/a-glifmpse-into-the-world-of-syrias-christian-sutoro-fighters-video_24956. Heintað 17 March 2015. "The regime wants us to be puppets, deny our ethnicity and demand an Arab-only state." 
  69. ↑ "Mapping the Deaths of Iranian Officers Across Syria". http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/10/30/mapping-the-deaths-of-iranian-officers-across-syria/. Heintað 1 November 2015. 
  70. ↑ "'Under 50' Iranians killed in Syria". Al-Monitor. 11 November 2015. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/11/iranian-soldiers-killed-syria.html#. Heintað 11 November 2015. 
  71. ↑ Four Iranian Basij members killed in Syria
  72. ↑ "Number of Iranian, Afghani fighters killed in Syrian civil war hits 400". Trend. 27 June 2015. http://en.trend.az/iran/politics/2411810.html. Heintað 28 October 2015. 
  73. ↑ "Iran's involvement in Syria, units and losses October 2015", PBS/Levantine Group, October 29, 2015, citing Iranian state media.
  74. ↑ "Iran's Afghan Shiite Fighters in Syria", Washington Institute, June 3, 2015
  75. ↑ "More than 215,000 killed in Syria since 2011". 3news.co.nz. http://www.3news.co.nz/world/more-than-215000-killed-in-syria-since-2011-2015031605#axzz3UUZH4BeT. 
  76. ↑ International conflict. "Iran to join, Russia already bombing Opposition's positions.". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/02/us-mideast-crisis-russia-syria-idUSKCN0RV41O20151002. Heintað 4 October 2015. 
  77. ↑ Khaled Yacoub Oweis, Erika Solomon (22 February 2012). "Bombardment of Syria's homeless kills 21 people". Reuters. Talgilda eintakið, gjørt eftir tí talgilda frumeintakinum , varð goymt í skjalasavni á netinum tann 3 October 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131003043133/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/02/22/bombardment-syria-s-homs-kills-21-people.html. Heintað 21 July 2014. 
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