Fyrimynd:Citation
Uses Lua: |
The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, this template can be used in a footnote (between <ref>...</ref>
tags) or in a section that lists sources.
If the correct parameters are used, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}} and {{Cite web}}, with one important exception: By default, this Citation template uses commas in places where the Cite templates use periods (full stops) by default; either type of template can use periods (full stops) or commas by using an optional parameter. Also, this template by default generates anchors for Harvard references whereas the Cite templates do not (although they can be made to do so). Regardless of which or whether citation templates are used, citation form should be consistent throughout an article.
All parameter names must be lowercase.
Simple citation
[rætta wikitekst]This section covers the most commonly used attributes. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra attributes from the full list. Spacing and ordering is irrelevant.
{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |accessdate= }}
{{Citation | last = | first = | year = | title = | publisher = | publication-place = | page = | url = | accessdate = }} |
- last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with the author parameter.
- first: The author's first or given name(s).
- year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation, unless
|date=
specifies both month and year. - title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
- publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g. Newsweek, Billboard).
- publication-place (or place or location): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g. The New York Times, The Times of India)
- page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use with pages.
- url: A url of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22".
- accessdate: Date[n 1] when the url was accessed.
Example
[rætta wikitekst]{{Citation | last = Turner | first = Orsamus | title = History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve | publisher = William Alling | place = Rochester, New York | year = 1851 | ol = 7120924W }} |
Turner, Orsamus (1851), History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling, OL 7120924W |
Full citation parameters
[rætta wikitekst]These can be used for all types of publication except patents. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.
{{Citation | author = | last = | first = | author2 = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link = | author2-link = | author-separator = | author-name-separator = | author-mask = | display-authors = | editor = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor2 = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | editor-link = | editor2-link = | others = | publication-date = | date = | year = | origyear = | title = | chapter = | chapter-url = | chapter-format = | contribution = | contribution-url = | type = | journal = | periodical = | newspaper = | magazine = | work = | edition = | series = | volume = | issue = | publisher = | publication-place = | place = | language = | page = | pages = | nopp = | at = | id = | isbn = | issn = | oclc = | pmid = | pmc = | bibcode = | doi = | doi_inactivedate = | zbl = | url = | accessdate = | format = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | layurl = | laysource = | laydate = | separator = , | postscript = | ref = }} |
Parameters
[rætta wikitekst]Syntax
[rætta wikitekst]Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
- parent
- OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
- child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
- OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
- Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a comma (,).
COinS
[rætta wikitekst]This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See: Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:
- Use
|date=27 September 2007
not|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)
Use of templates within the citation template, is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be rendered in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example
, –
, etc, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. Do not include Wiki markup ''
(italic font) or '''
(bold font) because these markup characters will contaminate the metadata.
|periodical=
,|journal=
,|newspaper=
,|magazine=
,|work=
,|website=
,|encyclopedia=
,|encyclopaedia=
,|dictionary=
|chapter=
,|contribution=
,|entry=
,|article=
,|section=
|title=
|publicationplace=
,|publication-place=
,|place=
,|location=
|date=
,|year=
,|publicationdate=
,|publication-date=
|series=
,|version=
|volume=
|issue=
,|number=
|page=
,|pages=
,|at=
|edition=
|publisher=
,|distributor=
,|institution=
|url=
|chapterurl=
,|chapter-url=
,|contributionurl=
,|contribution-url=
,|sectionurl=
,|section-url=
|author#=
,|Author#=
,|authors#=
,|author#-last=
,|author-last#=
,|last#=
,|surname#=
|"author#-first=
,|author-first#=
,|first#=
,|given#=
- any of the named identifiers (
|isbn=
,|issn=
,|doi=
,|pmc=
, etc)
Deprecated
[rætta wikitekst]The following parameters are deprecated. Their use will place the page into Category:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters:
- month: Use date to include the day, month and year.
- coauthor · coauthors: Use last# / first# or author or authors
- day: Use date to include the day, month and year.
- dateformat · doilabel: These parameters are no longer supported.
Description
[rætta wikitekst]Authors
[rætta wikitekst]- last: Surname of author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors, simply use last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: last1, author, author1.
- first: Given or first names of author, including title(s); for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: first1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty.
- OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: author1 through authorn.
- author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: authorlink1, authorlink, author1-link, author1link.
- OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1link through authornlink.
- name-list-format: displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to
vanc
and when the list useslast
/first
parameters for the name list(s)
- coauthors: (deprecated)
Names of coauthors. Requires author, authors, or lastnInclude coauthors in author or authors or use separate authorn or lastn/firstn to list coauthors. - others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators and translators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith or Translated by John Smith.
- authors: Free-form list of author names; not an alias of last
- When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field or else the anchor will not match the inline link.
Editors
[rætta wikitekst]- editor-last: Surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor1-last, editor, editorn.
- editor-first: Given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor1-first.
- OR: for multiple editors, use editor1-last, editor1-first through editorn-last, editorn-first.
- editor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor1-link.
- OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn.
- name-list-format: displays authors and editors in Vancouver style when set to
vanc
and when the list useslast
/first
parameters for the name list(s)
- editors: Free-form list of editor names; not an alias of editor-last
- Display:
- If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
- If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."; exactly four editors will show three editors followed by "et al., eds." unless display-editors is used.
Title
[rætta wikitekst]- title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, title holds romanized transliteration of title in script-title.
- script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew, Japanese, etc); not italicized, follows italicized transliteration defined in title. May be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script:
... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
- trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title; if url is defined, then trans-title is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
- script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew, Japanese, etc); not italicized, follows italicized transliteration defined in title. May be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script:
- Titles containing certain characters will display and link incorrectly unless those characters are encoded.
newline | [ | ] | | |
---|---|---|---|
space | [ | ] | | |
{{bracket|text}} | {{pipe}} – see also: rendering vertical bars in tables |
- title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. Alias: titlelink.
- chapter: The chapter heading of the source. May be wikilinked or may use chapter-url, but not both. Displays in quotes.
- trans-chapter: English translation of the chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after the chapter field; if chapter-url is defined, then trans-chapter is included in the link. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
- type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.
- language: The language in which the source is written, if not English. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. Use the full language name or ISO 639-1 code. When the source uses more than one language, list them individually, separated by commas, e.g.
|language=French, German
. The use of language names or language codes recognized by Wikimedia adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Bólkur:CS1 foreign language sources; do not use templates or wikilinks.
Date
[rætta wikitekst]- date: Date of source being referenced. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date 1] Required when year is used to disambiguate
{{sfn}}
links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1#Dates.
- For approximate year, precede with "
c.
", like this:|date=c. 1900
; for no date, add as|date=n.d.
- year: Year of source being referenced. Use of
|date=
is recommended unless all of the following conditions are met:
- The template uses
|ref=harv
, or the template is{{citation}}
, or|mode=cs2
- The
|date=
format is YYYY-MM-DD. - The citation requires a
CITEREF
disambiguator.
- The template uses
- orig-year: Original publication year; displays after the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics. For example:
|orig-year=First published 1859
or|orig-year=Composed 1904
.
- ↑ Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates. See: .
Periodical
[rætta wikitekst]- work: Name of the source periodical; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical.
- issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number.
- When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters:
- title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
- chapter does not display in this citation template (and will produce an error message).
- location and publisher are enclosed in parentheses.
- page and pages do not show p. or pp.
- edition does not display.
Publisher
[rætta wikitekst]- publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, website). Not normally used for periodicals. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc" or "GmbH" are not usually included. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title; if work is defined, then publisher is enclosed in parentheses.
- place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the location; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title; if work is defined, then location is enclosed in parentheses. Alias: location
- publication-place: If any one of publication-place, place or location are defined, then the location shows after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location are shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title.
- publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.
- via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g. NewsBank), when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), if the deliverer requests attribution, or as requested in WP:The Wikipedia Library (e.g. Credo, HighBeam). See also registration and subscription parameters.
Edition, series, volume
[rætta wikitekst]- edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so
|edition=2nd
produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
- series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted.
- volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volumes of four characters or less display in bold.|Displays after the title and series fields; displays in bold. If bolding is not desired, then include the volume information in the title field.
In-source locations
[rætta wikitekst]- page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either
|page=
or|pages=
, but not both. Displays preceded by
unlessp.
|nopp=y
. - OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either
|page=
or|pages=
, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by
unlesspp.
|nopp=y
. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use|at=
.- nopp: Set to y, yes, or true to suppress the
orp.
notations where this is inappropriate; for example, wherepp.
|page=Front cover
.
- nopp: Set to y, yes, or true to suppress the
- OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by
|page=
or|pages=
. Use only one of|page=
,|pages=
, or|at=
.
- Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
URL
[rætta wikitekst]
- url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove spurious tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.
#ixzz2rBr3aO94
or?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=...
. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon.com. See: WP:PAGELINKS.- access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date 1] Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is not required for links to copies of published research papers accessed via DOI or a published book, but should be used for links to news articles on commercial web sites (these can change from time to time, even if they are also published in a physical medium). Note that access-date is the date that the URL was checked to not just be working, but to support the assertion being cited (which the current version of the page may not do). Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.
- archive-url: The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite (see: Wikipedia:Using WebCite) and Internet Archive (see: Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine); requires archive-date and url. Alias: archiveurl.
- archive-date: Date when the original URL was archived; preceded by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date 1] Do not wikilink. Alias: archivedate.
- dead-url: When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set
|dead-url=no
. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. Alias: deadurl.
- template-doc-demo: The archive parameters will be error checked to ensure that all the required parameters are included, or else {{citation error}} is invoked. With errors, main, help and template pages are placed into one of the subcategories of Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax. Set
|template-doc-demo=true
to disable categorization; mainly used for documentation where the error is demonstrated.
- format: Format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Automatically added when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.
- URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme.
http://
andhttps://
will be supported by all browsers; however,ftp://
,gopher://
,irc://
,ircs://
,mailto:
andnews:
will require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported. - If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by
%20
. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
sp | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%20 | %22 | %27 | %3c | %3e | %5b | %5d | %7b | %7c | %7d |
- Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
Chapter URL
[rætta wikitekst]Fyrimynd:Citation Style documentation/chapterurl
Anchor
[rætta wikitekst]- ref: ID for anchor. By default, anchors are always generated. The ordinary nonempty value
|ref=ID
generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing.
Identifiers
[rætta wikitekst]
- id: A en:unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use a template as applicable.
These identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. rfc=822
or pmc=345678
.
- arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example:
arxiv=hep-th/9205027
(before April 2007) orarxiv=0706.0001
or
arxiv=1501.00001
(since April 2007). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html".
- asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn.
- asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:
au
,br
,ca
,cn
,co.jp
,co.uk
,de
,es
,fr
,it
,mx
- asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:
- bibcode: Bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example:
1974AJ.....79..819H
- doi: Digital object identifier; for example:
10.1038/news070508-7
. It is checked to ensure it begins with (
).10.
- doi-broken-date: Date the DOI was found to be non-working at http://dx.doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Alias: doi_brokendate, doi-inactive-date
- eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space. Alias: EISSN
- hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet. Alias: HDL
- isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example:
978-0-8126-9593-9
. (See Wikipedia:ISBN and ISBN § Overview.) Dashes in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, prefix the number with a zero; thus, SBN 902888-45-5 should be entered as|isbn=0-902888-45-5
. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Alias: ISBN - ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example:
979-0-9016791-7-7
. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Alias: ISMN - issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space. Alias: ISSN
- jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik
- jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example:
jstor=3793107
will generate JSTOR 3793107. - lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case.
- mr: Mathematical Reviews
- oclc: OCLC; WorldCat's Online Computer Library Center
- ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value.
- osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information
- pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for full-text free repository of a journal article, e.g.
pmc=345678
. Do not include "PMC" in the value. See also the pmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers.- embargo: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date.
- pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier. See also the pmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers.
- rfc: Request for Comments
- ssrn: Social Science Research Network
- zbl: Zentralblatt MATH
Quote
[rætta wikitekst]
- quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes.
Laysummary
[rætta wikitekst]
- lay-url: URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Aliases: lay-summary, laysummary.
- lay-source: Name of the source of the laysummary. Displays in italics and preceded by an endash. Alias: laysource.
- lay-date: Date of the summary. Displays in parentheses. Alias: laydate.
Display options
[rætta wikitekst]
Fyrimynd:Citation Style documentation/display
Subscription or registration required
[rætta wikitekst]
- conference: Name of the conference, may include location if different from location and date if different from date or year.
- conference-url: URL of conference proceedings, if different from url. Alias: conferenceurl.
Examples
[rætta wikitekst]
Books
[rætta wikitekst]
Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name.
{{Citation
| last1 = Lincoln
| first1 = A.
| last2 = Washington
| first2 = G.
| last3 = Adams
| first3 = J.
| lastauthoramp = yes
| title = All the Presidents' Names
| publisher = The Pentagon
| place = Home Base, New York
| volume = XII
| edition = 2nd
| year = 2007
}}
Lincoln, A.; Washington, G. & Adams, J. (2007), All the Presidents' Names XII (2nd ed.), Home Base, New York: The Pentagon
Web
[rætta wikitekst]
Web page
{{Citation
| url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/
| title = NPS Focus
| work = National Register of Historic Places
| publisher = [[National Park Service]]
| accessdate = November 30, 2010
| ref = none
}}
"NPS Focus", National Register of Historic Places (National Park Service), retrieved November 30, 2010
Archived page
{{Citation
| url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| title = Earth's Atmosphere
| accessdate = October 25, 2007
| publisher = [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]
| year = 1995
| author = NASA
| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://
liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html
| archivedate = October 13, 2007
}}
NASA (1995), Earth's Atmosphere, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, archived from the original on October 13, 2007, retrieved October 25, 2007
Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals
[rætta wikitekst]
Journal article
{{Citation
| last = Hill
| first = Marvin S.
| title = Joseph Smith and the 1826
Trial: New Evidence and New
Difficulties
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 12
| issue = 2
| year = 1976
| pages = 1–8
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
}}
Hill, Marvin S. (1976), "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties", BYU Studies 12 (2): 1–8
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier
{{Citation
| last1 = Mandelkern
| first1 = M,
| last2 = Elias
| first2 = J,
| last3 = Eden
| first3 = D,
| last4 = Crothers
| first4 = D
| display-authors = 2
| title = The dimensions of DNA in solution
| journal = J Mol Biol
| volume = 152
| issue = 1
| pages = 153–161
| year = 1981
| pmid = 7338906
| doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1
}}
Mandelkern, M,; Elias, J, et al. (1981), "The dimensions of DNA in solution", J Mol Biol 152 (1): 153–161, PMID 7338906, doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1
Newspaper article
{{Citation
| last = Smith
| first = Joseph III
| author-link = Joseph Smith III
| title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma
| newspaper = The Saints' Herald
| publication-place = Plano, IL
| volume = 26
| issue = 19
| date = October 1, 1879
| page = 289
| url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/
IL/sain1872.htm#100179
}}
Smith, Joseph III (October 1, 1879), "Last Testimony of Sister Emma", The Saints' Herald (Plano, IL) 26 (19): 289
Conference paper
{{Citation
| last = Sullivan
| first = D.B.
| contribution = Time and frequency measurement
at NIST: The first 100 years
| year = 2001
| title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp.
| publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology
| contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf
| chapter-format = PDF
}}
Sullivan, D.B. (2001), "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years" (PDF), 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp., National Institute of Standards and Technology
Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles
[rætta wikitekst]
Manuscript published in an edited compilation
{{Citation
| last = Bidamon
| first = Emma Smith
| author-link = Emma Hale Smith
| chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
| date = March 27, 1876
| editor-last = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
Bidamon, Emma Smith (March 27, 1876), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in Vogel, Dan, Early Mormon Documents 1, Signature Books (published 1996), ISBN 1-56085-072-8
Work with an editor but no author
{{Citation
| editor-last = Vogel
| editor-first = Dan
| title = Early Mormon Documents
| volume = 1
| publisher = Signature Books
| publication-date = 1996
| isbn = 1-56085-072-8
}}
Vogel, Dan, ed. (1996), Early Mormon Documents 1, Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-072-8
Encyclopedia article by a named author
{{Citation
| last = Kramer
| first = Martin
| author-link = Martin Kramer
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| publication-date = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/
martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720
Encyclopedia article with no named author
{{Citation
| contribution = Bernard Lewis
| editor-last = Boyd
| editor-first = Kelley
| title = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
| volume = 1
| pages = 719–720
| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
| place = London
| year = 1999
| contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/
martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm
}}
Boyd, Kelley, ed. (1999), "Bernard Lewis", Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720
Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article
[rætta wikitekst]
Manuscript edited and published in a journal
{{Citation
| last = Knight
| first = Joseph, Sr.
| year = 1833
| editor-last = Jessee
| editor-first = Dean
| title = Joseph Knight's Recollection
of Early Mormon History
| journal = BYU Studies
| volume = 17
| issue = 1
| publication-date = 1976
| page = 35
| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
}}
Knight, Joseph, Sr. (1833), Jessee, Dean, ed., "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History", BYU Studies (1976) 17 (1): 35
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.
{{Citation
| last = Klingensmith
| first = Philip
| type = Affidavit
| date = September 5, 1872
| place = Lincoln County, Nevada
| title = Mountain Meadows Massacre
| editor-last = Toohy
| editor-first = Dennis J.
| journal = Corinne Daily Reporter
| publication-date = September 24, 1872
| publication-place = Corinne, Utah
| volume = 5
| issue = 252
| page = 1
| url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359
}}
Klingensmith, Philip (September 5, 1872), written at Lincoln County, Nevada, Toohy, Dennis J., ed., "Mountain Meadows Massacre", Corinne Daily Reporter (Affidavit) (Corinne, Utah, published September 24, 1872) 5 (252): 1
Press release
[rætta wikitekst]
Press release with quotation
{{Citation
| url = http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html
| title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day
| publisher = Apple Inc
| accessdate = April 10, 2010
| quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3
| ref = none}}
Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day, Apple Inc, retrieved April 10, 2010, in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3
Citing patents
[rætta wikitekst]
Parameters (all are optional)
[rætta wikitekst]
{{Citation
| inventor-last =
| inventor-first =
| inventorlink =
| inventor2-last =
| inventor2-first =
| inventorlink2 =
| publication-date =
| issue-date =
| title =
| country-code =
| description =
| patent-number =
| ref =
}}
- inventor-last (or inventor1-last): The inventor's surname or last name.
- inventor-first (or inventor1-first): The inventor's first or given name(s).
- inventorlink (or inventorlink1): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first inventor.
- inventor2-last, inventor3-last, inventor4-last: The second, third, and fourth authors' surname or last name, if applicable.
- inventor2-first, inventor3-first, inventor4-first: The second, third, and fourth inventors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
- inventorlink2, inventorlink3, inventorlink4: Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth inventor, if applicable.
- publication-date: Date of publication or filing.
- issue-date (or date): Date patent was issued by patent agency.
- title: Title of the patent. If the title includes [square brackets], these must be encoded as "
[
" for "[" and "]
" for "]"
- country-code: Two-letter abbreviation of the country issuing the patent.
- description: Type of patent; shown between country code and number.
- patent-number: The number of the patent.
- ref: Anchor id.
Examples
[rætta wikitekst]
United States patent with multiple inventors
{{Citation
| inventor1-last = Degermark
| inventor1-first = Mikael
| inventor2-last = Brodnik
| inventor2-first = Andrej
| inventor3-last = Carlsson
| inventor3-first = Svante
| inventor4-last = Pink
| inventor4-first = Stephen
| title = Fast routing lookup system
using complete prefix tree, bit vector,
and pointers in a routing table for
determining where to route IP datagrams
| issue-date = 2001
| patent-number = 6266706
| country-code = US}}
US 6266706, Fyrimynd:Citation/authors, "Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams", issued 2001
Anchored citations
[rætta wikitekst]
This template can generate a citation that can be combined with shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing. It does this by creating an HTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter |ref=harv
generates an ID suitable for Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} as specified in the next section; this is the default for the {{citation}} template. To disable anchor generation, specify |ref=none
(in contrast, other Cite templates such as {{cite book}} and {{cite news}} do not create an anchor by default). You can also specify the ID directly, using the |ref=ID
parameter. For example, suppose an article's References section contains the markup:
{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}
which generates the citation:
- Sigmund Freud (1930), Civilization and Its Discontents
Then, the markup "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])
" generates a parenthetical reference "(Freud 1930)" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).
Anchors for Harvard referencing templates
[rætta wikitekst]
IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}
" generates the Harvard reference "(Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix)", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:
{{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
- Wright, Thomas; Evans, R. H. (1851), Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray, London: Henry G. Bohn, OCLC 59510372
In this example the {{citation}} template defines, and the {{harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851
", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF
" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, {{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}
generates "CITEREFWrightEvans1851
".
Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{harvnb}} template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the {{sfn}} template alone. The example above would be <ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref>
or {{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}
both of which generate a footnote, such as
- 17. Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix
The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead. For patents, inventor names are used instead of authors or editors. If these names are not given, this template does not generate an anchor.
Last names are used, as specified by the parameters |last1=
(or |last=
), |last2=
, |last3=
, and |last4=
, and similarly for |editor1-last=
etc. and for |inventor1-last=
etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation | author = Sigmund Freud | title = The Ego and the Id | year = 1923}}
" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}
". To make these {{citation}} and {{harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "|author=Sigmund Freud
" with "|first=Sigmund
|last=Freud
", or add "|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}
" to the {{citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|ref=EgoId
") to both the {{citation}} and the {{harv}} invocations.
Similarly, the year is used, as specified by |year=
. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from |date=
(or, if no date is given, from |publication-date=
) by applying the MediaWiki#time function. This heuristic works with many common date formats (American, International and ISO 8601 standard format YYYY-MM-DD as listed in WP:MOS), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use |year=
. Note that if only a year, say 2005, is known you must use |year=2005
rather than |date=2005
.
IDs must be unique
[rætta wikitekst]
Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{harv}}-compatible IDs:
- Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (2008a), "Association of Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders and Loss of Family Income", Pediatrics 121 (4): e821–e826, PMID 18381511, doi:10.1542/peds.2007-1594
- Montes, G.; Halterman, J. S. (2008b), "Child Care Problems and Employment Among Families with Preschool-aged Children with Autism in the United States", Pediatrics 122 (1): e202–e208, PMID 18595965, doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3037
If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008
". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g. "|year=2008a
" and "|year=2008b
", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.
It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see External links.
Dates
[rætta wikitekst]
- ↑ The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include:
- 2009
- 2009-09-14 (ISO 8601 standard format: YYYY-MM-DD)
- 14 September 2009
- September 14, 2009 (with comma)
- September 2009
Dates should not be linked in references.
Please see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Dates for more guidance about formatting dates.
Tools
[rætta wikitekst]
See Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citation templates and tools for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.
Template Data
[rætta wikitekst]
This template data section needs to be edited. It includes deprecated parameters and does not include parameters that were added in the Lua updates. It also includes a mix of patent and non-patent parameters.
Hetta er TemplateData dokumentatiónin fyri hesa fyrimynd, ið verður brúkt av VisualEditor og øðrum tólum.
Citation
This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.
Fyrimynd:Wikipedia referencing
Dokumentatiónin omanfyri er tikin frá Fyrimynd:Citation/doc. (rætta | søga) Editors can experiment in this template's sandkassi (upprætta | mirror) and testcases (upprætta) pages. Please add categories to the /doc subpage. Undirsíður til hesa/hetta fyrimyndina. |